What is this and what causes it to happen? Pictures are from a 2022 Lexus GX.

 

Could be some kind of detailing issue, or simply uv damage. Either way, just apply your fav trim dressing for temp fix.

 

^ ... yep, UV damage ... need to apply protectant on a regular basis.

 

Some auto car washes use very strong detergents also.

 

... they sure don't use PH Neutral products ... what they use is designed to chemically react with the dirt (cleaning action) while oxidizing the more delicate exterior surfaces. The trim picture above is visual proof of your point ...

 

I new a owner of a auto toucheless car wash decades ago. Pre cleaner was a sulfuric acid deluded, after three washes my trim was doing what the op is showing.
Did a great job on the clear coat but anything (enamal) faded.

https://www.bimmerfest.com/threads/window-trim-damaged-by-car-wash.1422295/