Morocco, Indiana...can anyone tell me about it?
Lexus Fanatic
Joined: Dec 2007
Posts: 6,101
Likes: 2
From: Candyland
That's right, you hang out in the Clubhouse as well. It was my goal to visit every major city and capital in the U.S. and Canada. I just have Hawaii to finish all 50 states now (lol). I had a friend who's mother owned a restaurant in Lowell called The Stork's Nest. This was many years ago and I remember Morrocco specifically because I wanted couscous.
Lexus Champion
Joined: Jul 2008
Posts: 2,485
Likes: 0
From: Park Ridge IL
Chicago is a very vibrant city!! We have the taste of chicago going on now. Theyre will be a fantastic fire works display at Navy Pier in a few hour's. Lollapalooza is next month.
http://www.lollapalooza.com/. We have to baseball team's. Theyre is never a dull moment here. Joliet I dont like the place too much it's a bit boring if you ask me. Chicago is not cheep but it's not expensive. If you want to live Downton or Burr Ridge or Lake Forrest be ready to spit out alot of change, but theyre are plenty of good not to expensive suburbs like norridge, harwood heights, des plaines, elmwood park, mt prospect. Schaumburg is a great alternative to the city as well.
Dont know much about Indiana but Gary is slum that is all that I can say.
http://www.lollapalooza.com/. We have to baseball team's. Theyre is never a dull moment here. Joliet I dont like the place too much it's a bit boring if you ask me. Chicago is not cheep but it's not expensive. If you want to live Downton or Burr Ridge or Lake Forrest be ready to spit out alot of change, but theyre are plenty of good not to expensive suburbs like norridge, harwood heights, des plaines, elmwood park, mt prospect. Schaumburg is a great alternative to the city as well.
Dont know much about Indiana but Gary is slum that is all that I can say.
Lexus Fanatic
Joined: Dec 2007
Posts: 6,101
Likes: 2
From: Candyland
I just thought of this today!!!!! This is why sadly enough, Morrocco was put on the map.
American Eagle Flight 4184
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2009)
American Eagle Flight 4184 Accident summary
Date October 31, 1994
Type Atmospheric icing, Loss of control
Site near Roselawn, Indiana, United States
Passengers 64
Crew 4
Injuries 0
Fatalities 68 (all)
Aircraft type ATR 72-212
Operator Simmons Airlines
Tail number N401AM
Flight origin Indianapolis International Airport
Destination Chicago O'Hare International Airport
American Eagle Flight 4184,[1] was a regional airline flight that crashed after flying into known icing conditions on Halloween, October 31, 1994. Control was lost and all aboard were killed.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 History
* 2 Cause
* 3 Aftermath
* 4 Dramatization
* 5 References
* 6 See also
* 7 External links
[edit] History
An American ATR 72 similar to N401AM at Santo Domingo airport, Dominican Republic
The aircraft, N401AM, was an ATR 72-212 operated by Simmons Airlines on behalf of American Eagle (a subsidiary of the AMR Corporation). The flight was en route from Indianapolis International Airport, Indiana to O'Hare International Airport, Chicago, Illinois. Bad weather in Chicago caused delays, prompting air traffic control to hold Flight 4184 over the nearby LUCIT intersection at 10,000 ft (3,000 m)
While holding, the plane encountered freezing rain — a dangerous icing condition where supercooled droplets rapidly cause intense ice buildup. Soon after, they were cleared to descend to 8,000 ft (2,400 m) During this descent the aircraft experienced an uncommanded roll excursion, which disengaged the autopilot. Flight recorder data showed that it subsequently went through at least one full roll, and the crew was unable to regain control of the rapidly descending aircraft. Less than two minutes later, contact was lost as the plane crashed into a soybean field near Roselawn, Indiana, killing all 64 passengers and 4 crew on board. The disintegration of the plane indicated an extreme velocity, and data recovered from the flight data recorder verified that the plane was traveling 375 knots (695 km/h) indicated airspeed at impact[2].
Flight 4184 was the first loss of the ATR 72, it was also the highest death toll of any aviation accident involving an ATR 72 anywhere in the world.
[edit] Cause
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) stated that the probable cause of this crash was the flight into known icing conditions, with the aircraft being operated outside its "icing certification envelope". While the ATR's deicing boots were able to remove ice along the leading edge, it rapidly re-formed behind the boots as runback ice, where it could not be removed. This separated the airflow from the wing's surface and made the aileron control inadequate or non-existent. The ATR family of aircraft has had a history of known and reported control problems in icing conditions. For that reason, the NTSB also mentioned as contributing factors the "inadequate response" on part of the manufacturer and the French DGAC and United States' Federal Aviation Administration aviation authorities to these reports.
[edit] Aftermath
In the years following this accident, AMR Corporation stopped using its American Eagle ATRs out of its northern hubs and moved them to their southern and Caribbean hubs in Dallas, Texas; Miami, Florida and San Juan, Puerto Rico to alleviate potential icing problems in the future. Other U.S. former ATR operators, particularly the SkyWest, Inc. subsidiary and Delta Connection operator Atlantic Southeast Airlines, operated ATR-72 aircraft in areas where icing conditions were not common.
In April, 1996 the American FAA issued 18 Airworthiness Directives (ADs), in an apparent attempt to prevent further icing accidents in ATR aircraft. They included significant revisions of pilot operating procedures in icing conditions (higher minimum speeds, non-use of the autopilot, different upset recovery procedures) as well as physical changes to the coverage area of the de-icing boots on the airfoils.
While the ATR-42 and ATR-72 aircraft are now compliant with all icing condition requirements imposed by those 18 ADs, the de-icing boots still only reach back to 12.5% of the chord. Prior to the accident, they had extended only to 5% and 7%, respectively. They still fail to deal with the findings of the Boscombe-Down tests, conducted by British regulators, which demonstrated that ice could form as far back on the wing as 23% of the chord, and on the tail at 30% of chord. Both percentages remain well beyond the limits of the extended deicing boots, installed in compliance with those FAA ADs.
Those tests limited the size of the droplets to 40 micrometres, near the maximum limit of the archaic FAA design certification rules for Transport Category aircraft (Part 25, Appendix C), still in effect at that time of the Roselawn crash. Extensive airborne testing, following that accident, revealed it is possible for airliners to encounter water droplets exceeding 200 micrometers in average diameter.[3]
It is likely that the lack of further ATR icing accidents is attributable to the changes in pilot operating procedures, as well as the moving of those aircraft to operating areas where severe icing is not a problem, rather than to the modest extension of the de-icer boots to 12.5% of the chord. [4]
Following the crash near Roselawn, longstanding problems with the ATR aircraft operating in some icing conditions were revealed by Stephen Fredrick (a whistleblower later fired by the airline).[5] American Eagle has since phased out service using ATR aircraft in cold-weather areas, replacing the aircraft with regional jets. However, ATR-72 aircraft are still used for Caribbean operations from Miami and San Juan, Puerto Rico, where ice is not an issue.
[edit] Dramatization
This crash was featured on the Discovery Channel program The New Detectives and in the theatrical production, Charlie Victor Romeo.
The crash was also featured in Season 6 of National Geographic's Air Crash Investigation in the episode "Frozen In Flight"
[edit] References
1. ^ "Frozen in Flight." Mayday.
2. ^ ASN Aircraft accident description Aérospatiale/Aeritalia ATR-72-212 N401AM - Roselawn, IN
3. ^ [1]
4. ^ Unheeded Warning: The Inside Story of American Eagle Flight 4184
5. ^ Fredrick, Stephen A. (1996). Unheeded warning: the inside story of American Eagle flight 4184. McGraw-Hill. pp. 326 pages. ISBN 0070219516, 9780070219519.
American Eagle Flight 4184
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2009)
American Eagle Flight 4184 Accident summary
Date October 31, 1994
Type Atmospheric icing, Loss of control
Site near Roselawn, Indiana, United States
Passengers 64
Crew 4
Injuries 0
Fatalities 68 (all)
Aircraft type ATR 72-212
Operator Simmons Airlines
Tail number N401AM
Flight origin Indianapolis International Airport
Destination Chicago O'Hare International Airport
American Eagle Flight 4184,[1] was a regional airline flight that crashed after flying into known icing conditions on Halloween, October 31, 1994. Control was lost and all aboard were killed.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 History
* 2 Cause
* 3 Aftermath
* 4 Dramatization
* 5 References
* 6 See also
* 7 External links
[edit] History
An American ATR 72 similar to N401AM at Santo Domingo airport, Dominican Republic
The aircraft, N401AM, was an ATR 72-212 operated by Simmons Airlines on behalf of American Eagle (a subsidiary of the AMR Corporation). The flight was en route from Indianapolis International Airport, Indiana to O'Hare International Airport, Chicago, Illinois. Bad weather in Chicago caused delays, prompting air traffic control to hold Flight 4184 over the nearby LUCIT intersection at 10,000 ft (3,000 m)
While holding, the plane encountered freezing rain — a dangerous icing condition where supercooled droplets rapidly cause intense ice buildup. Soon after, they were cleared to descend to 8,000 ft (2,400 m) During this descent the aircraft experienced an uncommanded roll excursion, which disengaged the autopilot. Flight recorder data showed that it subsequently went through at least one full roll, and the crew was unable to regain control of the rapidly descending aircraft. Less than two minutes later, contact was lost as the plane crashed into a soybean field near Roselawn, Indiana, killing all 64 passengers and 4 crew on board. The disintegration of the plane indicated an extreme velocity, and data recovered from the flight data recorder verified that the plane was traveling 375 knots (695 km/h) indicated airspeed at impact[2].
Flight 4184 was the first loss of the ATR 72, it was also the highest death toll of any aviation accident involving an ATR 72 anywhere in the world.
[edit] Cause
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) stated that the probable cause of this crash was the flight into known icing conditions, with the aircraft being operated outside its "icing certification envelope". While the ATR's deicing boots were able to remove ice along the leading edge, it rapidly re-formed behind the boots as runback ice, where it could not be removed. This separated the airflow from the wing's surface and made the aileron control inadequate or non-existent. The ATR family of aircraft has had a history of known and reported control problems in icing conditions. For that reason, the NTSB also mentioned as contributing factors the "inadequate response" on part of the manufacturer and the French DGAC and United States' Federal Aviation Administration aviation authorities to these reports.
[edit] Aftermath
In the years following this accident, AMR Corporation stopped using its American Eagle ATRs out of its northern hubs and moved them to their southern and Caribbean hubs in Dallas, Texas; Miami, Florida and San Juan, Puerto Rico to alleviate potential icing problems in the future. Other U.S. former ATR operators, particularly the SkyWest, Inc. subsidiary and Delta Connection operator Atlantic Southeast Airlines, operated ATR-72 aircraft in areas where icing conditions were not common.
In April, 1996 the American FAA issued 18 Airworthiness Directives (ADs), in an apparent attempt to prevent further icing accidents in ATR aircraft. They included significant revisions of pilot operating procedures in icing conditions (higher minimum speeds, non-use of the autopilot, different upset recovery procedures) as well as physical changes to the coverage area of the de-icing boots on the airfoils.
While the ATR-42 and ATR-72 aircraft are now compliant with all icing condition requirements imposed by those 18 ADs, the de-icing boots still only reach back to 12.5% of the chord. Prior to the accident, they had extended only to 5% and 7%, respectively. They still fail to deal with the findings of the Boscombe-Down tests, conducted by British regulators, which demonstrated that ice could form as far back on the wing as 23% of the chord, and on the tail at 30% of chord. Both percentages remain well beyond the limits of the extended deicing boots, installed in compliance with those FAA ADs.
Those tests limited the size of the droplets to 40 micrometres, near the maximum limit of the archaic FAA design certification rules for Transport Category aircraft (Part 25, Appendix C), still in effect at that time of the Roselawn crash. Extensive airborne testing, following that accident, revealed it is possible for airliners to encounter water droplets exceeding 200 micrometers in average diameter.[3]
It is likely that the lack of further ATR icing accidents is attributable to the changes in pilot operating procedures, as well as the moving of those aircraft to operating areas where severe icing is not a problem, rather than to the modest extension of the de-icer boots to 12.5% of the chord. [4]
Following the crash near Roselawn, longstanding problems with the ATR aircraft operating in some icing conditions were revealed by Stephen Fredrick (a whistleblower later fired by the airline).[5] American Eagle has since phased out service using ATR aircraft in cold-weather areas, replacing the aircraft with regional jets. However, ATR-72 aircraft are still used for Caribbean operations from Miami and San Juan, Puerto Rico, where ice is not an issue.
[edit] Dramatization
This crash was featured on the Discovery Channel program The New Detectives and in the theatrical production, Charlie Victor Romeo.
The crash was also featured in Season 6 of National Geographic's Air Crash Investigation in the episode "Frozen In Flight"
[edit] References
1. ^ "Frozen in Flight." Mayday.
2. ^ ASN Aircraft accident description Aérospatiale/Aeritalia ATR-72-212 N401AM - Roselawn, IN
3. ^ [1]
4. ^ Unheeded Warning: The Inside Story of American Eagle Flight 4184
5. ^ Fredrick, Stephen A. (1996). Unheeded warning: the inside story of American Eagle flight 4184. McGraw-Hill. pp. 326 pages. ISBN 0070219516, 9780070219519.
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Verdad GallardoGuest
Posts: n/a
Purdue grad myself...Boiler Up! Although I do have a deep hatred for the state of IN. Who doesn't sell alcohol on Sundays? What's that about? I can't imagine any "small" town in Indiana being that great. Most likely consists of a church, body shop and a strip club. Good Luck!
Guest
Posts: n/a
Chicago is a very vibrant city!! We have the taste of chicago going on now. Theyre will be a fantastic fire works display at Navy Pier in a few hour's. Lollapalooza is next month.
http://www.lollapalooza.com/. We have to baseball team's. Theyre is never a dull moment here. Joliet I dont like the place too much it's a bit boring if you ask me. Chicago is not cheep but it's not expensive. If you want to live Downton or Burr Ridge or Lake Forrest be ready to spit out alot of change, but theyre are plenty of good not to expensive suburbs like norridge, harwood heights, des plaines, elmwood park, mt prospect. Schaumburg is a great alternative to the city as well.
Dont know much about Indiana but Gary is slum that is all that I can say.
http://www.lollapalooza.com/. We have to baseball team's. Theyre is never a dull moment here. Joliet I dont like the place too much it's a bit boring if you ask me. Chicago is not cheep but it's not expensive. If you want to live Downton or Burr Ridge or Lake Forrest be ready to spit out alot of change, but theyre are plenty of good not to expensive suburbs like norridge, harwood heights, des plaines, elmwood park, mt prospect. Schaumburg is a great alternative to the city as well.
Dont know much about Indiana but Gary is slum that is all that I can say.
Guest
Posts: n/a
I just thought of this today!!!!! This is why sadly enough, Morrocco was put on the map.
American Eagle Flight 4184
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2009)
American Eagle Flight 4184 Accident summary
Date October 31, 1994
Type Atmospheric icing, Loss of control
Site near Roselawn, Indiana, United States
Passengers 64
Crew 4
Injuries 0
Fatalities 68 (all)
Aircraft type ATR 72-212
Operator Simmons Airlines
Tail number N401AM
Flight origin Indianapolis International Airport
Destination Chicago O'Hare International Airport
American Eagle Flight 4184,[1] was a regional airline flight that crashed after flying into known icing conditions on Halloween, October 31, 1994. Control was lost and all aboard were killed.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 History
* 2 Cause
* 3 Aftermath
* 4 Dramatization
* 5 References
* 6 See also
* 7 External links
[edit] History
An American ATR 72 similar to N401AM at Santo Domingo airport, Dominican Republic
The aircraft, N401AM, was an ATR 72-212 operated by Simmons Airlines on behalf of American Eagle (a subsidiary of the AMR Corporation). The flight was en route from Indianapolis International Airport, Indiana to O'Hare International Airport, Chicago, Illinois. Bad weather in Chicago caused delays, prompting air traffic control to hold Flight 4184 over the nearby LUCIT intersection at 10,000 ft (3,000 m)
While holding, the plane encountered freezing rain — a dangerous icing condition where supercooled droplets rapidly cause intense ice buildup. Soon after, they were cleared to descend to 8,000 ft (2,400 m) During this descent the aircraft experienced an uncommanded roll excursion, which disengaged the autopilot. Flight recorder data showed that it subsequently went through at least one full roll, and the crew was unable to regain control of the rapidly descending aircraft. Less than two minutes later, contact was lost as the plane crashed into a soybean field near Roselawn, Indiana, killing all 64 passengers and 4 crew on board. The disintegration of the plane indicated an extreme velocity, and data recovered from the flight data recorder verified that the plane was traveling 375 knots (695 km/h) indicated airspeed at impact[2].
Flight 4184 was the first loss of the ATR 72, it was also the highest death toll of any aviation accident involving an ATR 72 anywhere in the world.
[edit] Cause
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) stated that the probable cause of this crash was the flight into known icing conditions, with the aircraft being operated outside its "icing certification envelope". While the ATR's deicing boots were able to remove ice along the leading edge, it rapidly re-formed behind the boots as runback ice, where it could not be removed. This separated the airflow from the wing's surface and made the aileron control inadequate or non-existent. The ATR family of aircraft has had a history of known and reported control problems in icing conditions. For that reason, the NTSB also mentioned as contributing factors the "inadequate response" on part of the manufacturer and the French DGAC and United States' Federal Aviation Administration aviation authorities to these reports.
[edit] Aftermath
In the years following this accident, AMR Corporation stopped using its American Eagle ATRs out of its northern hubs and moved them to their southern and Caribbean hubs in Dallas, Texas; Miami, Florida and San Juan, Puerto Rico to alleviate potential icing problems in the future. Other U.S. former ATR operators, particularly the SkyWest, Inc. subsidiary and Delta Connection operator Atlantic Southeast Airlines, operated ATR-72 aircraft in areas where icing conditions were not common.
In April, 1996 the American FAA issued 18 Airworthiness Directives (ADs), in an apparent attempt to prevent further icing accidents in ATR aircraft. They included significant revisions of pilot operating procedures in icing conditions (higher minimum speeds, non-use of the autopilot, different upset recovery procedures) as well as physical changes to the coverage area of the de-icing boots on the airfoils.
While the ATR-42 and ATR-72 aircraft are now compliant with all icing condition requirements imposed by those 18 ADs, the de-icing boots still only reach back to 12.5% of the chord. Prior to the accident, they had extended only to 5% and 7%, respectively. They still fail to deal with the findings of the Boscombe-Down tests, conducted by British regulators, which demonstrated that ice could form as far back on the wing as 23% of the chord, and on the tail at 30% of chord. Both percentages remain well beyond the limits of the extended deicing boots, installed in compliance with those FAA ADs.
Those tests limited the size of the droplets to 40 micrometres, near the maximum limit of the archaic FAA design certification rules for Transport Category aircraft (Part 25, Appendix C), still in effect at that time of the Roselawn crash. Extensive airborne testing, following that accident, revealed it is possible for airliners to encounter water droplets exceeding 200 micrometers in average diameter.[3]
It is likely that the lack of further ATR icing accidents is attributable to the changes in pilot operating procedures, as well as the moving of those aircraft to operating areas where severe icing is not a problem, rather than to the modest extension of the de-icer boots to 12.5% of the chord. [4]
Following the crash near Roselawn, longstanding problems with the ATR aircraft operating in some icing conditions were revealed by Stephen Fredrick (a whistleblower later fired by the airline).[5] American Eagle has since phased out service using ATR aircraft in cold-weather areas, replacing the aircraft with regional jets. However, ATR-72 aircraft are still used for Caribbean operations from Miami and San Juan, Puerto Rico, where ice is not an issue.
[edit] Dramatization
This crash was featured on the Discovery Channel program The New Detectives and in the theatrical production, Charlie Victor Romeo.
The crash was also featured in Season 6 of National Geographic's Air Crash Investigation in the episode "Frozen In Flight"
[edit] References
1. ^ "Frozen in Flight." Mayday.
2. ^ ASN Aircraft accident description Aérospatiale/Aeritalia ATR-72-212 N401AM - Roselawn, IN
3. ^ [1]
4. ^ Unheeded Warning: The Inside Story of American Eagle Flight 4184
5. ^ Fredrick, Stephen A. (1996). Unheeded warning: the inside story of American Eagle flight 4184. McGraw-Hill. pp. 326 pages. ISBN 0070219516, 9780070219519.
American Eagle Flight 4184
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2009)
American Eagle Flight 4184 Accident summary
Date October 31, 1994
Type Atmospheric icing, Loss of control
Site near Roselawn, Indiana, United States
Passengers 64
Crew 4
Injuries 0
Fatalities 68 (all)
Aircraft type ATR 72-212
Operator Simmons Airlines
Tail number N401AM
Flight origin Indianapolis International Airport
Destination Chicago O'Hare International Airport
American Eagle Flight 4184,[1] was a regional airline flight that crashed after flying into known icing conditions on Halloween, October 31, 1994. Control was lost and all aboard were killed.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 History
* 2 Cause
* 3 Aftermath
* 4 Dramatization
* 5 References
* 6 See also
* 7 External links
[edit] History
An American ATR 72 similar to N401AM at Santo Domingo airport, Dominican Republic
The aircraft, N401AM, was an ATR 72-212 operated by Simmons Airlines on behalf of American Eagle (a subsidiary of the AMR Corporation). The flight was en route from Indianapolis International Airport, Indiana to O'Hare International Airport, Chicago, Illinois. Bad weather in Chicago caused delays, prompting air traffic control to hold Flight 4184 over the nearby LUCIT intersection at 10,000 ft (3,000 m)
While holding, the plane encountered freezing rain — a dangerous icing condition where supercooled droplets rapidly cause intense ice buildup. Soon after, they were cleared to descend to 8,000 ft (2,400 m) During this descent the aircraft experienced an uncommanded roll excursion, which disengaged the autopilot. Flight recorder data showed that it subsequently went through at least one full roll, and the crew was unable to regain control of the rapidly descending aircraft. Less than two minutes later, contact was lost as the plane crashed into a soybean field near Roselawn, Indiana, killing all 64 passengers and 4 crew on board. The disintegration of the plane indicated an extreme velocity, and data recovered from the flight data recorder verified that the plane was traveling 375 knots (695 km/h) indicated airspeed at impact[2].
Flight 4184 was the first loss of the ATR 72, it was also the highest death toll of any aviation accident involving an ATR 72 anywhere in the world.
[edit] Cause
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) stated that the probable cause of this crash was the flight into known icing conditions, with the aircraft being operated outside its "icing certification envelope". While the ATR's deicing boots were able to remove ice along the leading edge, it rapidly re-formed behind the boots as runback ice, where it could not be removed. This separated the airflow from the wing's surface and made the aileron control inadequate or non-existent. The ATR family of aircraft has had a history of known and reported control problems in icing conditions. For that reason, the NTSB also mentioned as contributing factors the "inadequate response" on part of the manufacturer and the French DGAC and United States' Federal Aviation Administration aviation authorities to these reports.
[edit] Aftermath
In the years following this accident, AMR Corporation stopped using its American Eagle ATRs out of its northern hubs and moved them to their southern and Caribbean hubs in Dallas, Texas; Miami, Florida and San Juan, Puerto Rico to alleviate potential icing problems in the future. Other U.S. former ATR operators, particularly the SkyWest, Inc. subsidiary and Delta Connection operator Atlantic Southeast Airlines, operated ATR-72 aircraft in areas where icing conditions were not common.
In April, 1996 the American FAA issued 18 Airworthiness Directives (ADs), in an apparent attempt to prevent further icing accidents in ATR aircraft. They included significant revisions of pilot operating procedures in icing conditions (higher minimum speeds, non-use of the autopilot, different upset recovery procedures) as well as physical changes to the coverage area of the de-icing boots on the airfoils.
While the ATR-42 and ATR-72 aircraft are now compliant with all icing condition requirements imposed by those 18 ADs, the de-icing boots still only reach back to 12.5% of the chord. Prior to the accident, they had extended only to 5% and 7%, respectively. They still fail to deal with the findings of the Boscombe-Down tests, conducted by British regulators, which demonstrated that ice could form as far back on the wing as 23% of the chord, and on the tail at 30% of chord. Both percentages remain well beyond the limits of the extended deicing boots, installed in compliance with those FAA ADs.
Those tests limited the size of the droplets to 40 micrometres, near the maximum limit of the archaic FAA design certification rules for Transport Category aircraft (Part 25, Appendix C), still in effect at that time of the Roselawn crash. Extensive airborne testing, following that accident, revealed it is possible for airliners to encounter water droplets exceeding 200 micrometers in average diameter.[3]
It is likely that the lack of further ATR icing accidents is attributable to the changes in pilot operating procedures, as well as the moving of those aircraft to operating areas where severe icing is not a problem, rather than to the modest extension of the de-icer boots to 12.5% of the chord. [4]
Following the crash near Roselawn, longstanding problems with the ATR aircraft operating in some icing conditions were revealed by Stephen Fredrick (a whistleblower later fired by the airline).[5] American Eagle has since phased out service using ATR aircraft in cold-weather areas, replacing the aircraft with regional jets. However, ATR-72 aircraft are still used for Caribbean operations from Miami and San Juan, Puerto Rico, where ice is not an issue.
[edit] Dramatization
This crash was featured on the Discovery Channel program The New Detectives and in the theatrical production, Charlie Victor Romeo.
The crash was also featured in Season 6 of National Geographic's Air Crash Investigation in the episode "Frozen In Flight"
[edit] References
1. ^ "Frozen in Flight." Mayday.
2. ^ ASN Aircraft accident description Aérospatiale/Aeritalia ATR-72-212 N401AM - Roselawn, IN
3. ^ [1]
4. ^ Unheeded Warning: The Inside Story of American Eagle Flight 4184
5. ^ Fredrick, Stephen A. (1996). Unheeded warning: the inside story of American Eagle flight 4184. McGraw-Hill. pp. 326 pages. ISBN 0070219516, 9780070219519.
Roselawn is a census-designated place (CDP) in Newton and Jasper counties in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 3,933 at the 2000 census.
Roselawn is known within northwestern Indiana for the two nudist resorts which operate in this town: the Ponderosa Sun Club and Sun Aura.[3] Sun Aura resort was previously known as Naked City, but closed in 1986 after its operator, **** Drost, encountered significant legal troubles. The resort continued to operate under several different owners and was known as Sunspot resort prior to becoming Sun Aura.[4] The clubs are long-standing fixtures of the community, dating to the 1930s.[5]
Driver
Joined: Apr 2007
Posts: 182
Likes: 0
From: ind
I was there a few years ago! It a small little town nothing there but farm land there downtown area is only like 4 blocks long nothing to do but small bars . I sure you have to travel to go to the nearest supermarket or shopping stores. my ex's father use to live there and use to travel all the way to 55th in the city that was a hell of a ride for him.
Have you ever met a city with so many excuses that they can't go to a meet?
Chi over Indy! Chi over ATL!
Chi over Indy! Chi over ATL!